Ecoacoustics involves recording various sounds within an ecosystem, including animal calls like bird songs and insect chirps, as well as environmental noises such as wind and rain. Researchers analyse these soundscapes to gather valuable insights about the presence, abundance and behaviour of different species. 

One of the main applications of ecoacoustics is monitoring biodiversity. The variety of sounds in an area can indicate the health of that ecosystem. For example, a rich array of bird songs usually signifies a thriving environment, while a decline in animal calls might suggest stress or degradation. 

Ecoacoustics can also highlight changes in the environment. Shifts in the soundscape can reveal issues like habitat loss, climate change or human impacts such as deforestation. If the sounds of animal calls decrease or change significantly, it may indicate a loss of species or other ecological disruptions. 

Researchers are now expanding their focus beyond animal sounds to include the sounds produced by soil itself. By using specialised microphones and recorders placed in the ground, researchers can capture acoustic vibrations generated by soil-dwelling organisms. These recordings can include crackles, clicks and pops, which provide insights into soil health.  

Healthy soils tend to produce a diverse range of sounds, reflecting a high level of biological activity. In contrast, degraded soils are quieter, indicating a reduction in soil life. Recent research in Australian forests has shown that soil ecoacoustics can effectively assess soil health and the impact of restoration efforts. Restored soils, with more biological activity, produced louder and more varied sounds compared to damaged soils. 

Researchers are also identifying specific sounds linked to different soil-dwelling animals. Each species creates unique sounds based on its activity and characteristics. By associating these sounds with specific organisms, researchers can better understand soil health and its connection to biodiversity. 

Additionally, ecoacoustics offers several advantages over traditional soil sampling methods as the non-invasive technique allows for continuous monitoring without disturbing the soil or its inhabitants. This is particularly beneficial in precision agriculture, where timely information is crucial for effective soil management and crop production. 

As this field grows, ecoacoustics is becoming an invaluable tool for monitoring and protecting natural environments. By integrating sound-based methods into environmental science, researchers hope to enhance our understanding of ecosystems and support efforts to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem health. 

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