In WWF’s new report, New Life in the Congo Basin: A Decade of Species Discoveries (2013–2023), scientists uncover the remarkable diversity of newly identified species in the biologically significant area of Central Africa. These discoveries highlight how much remains to be explored in one of the planet’s most important yet least researched regions.
In total, 742 discoveries were made including 430 plants, 140 invertebrates, 96 fish, 22 amphibians, 42 reptiles, 2 birds and 10 mammals. Among the most striking discoveries are the Umma gumma dragonfly, the Cyrtorchis okuensis orchid and the endangered Central African slender-snouted crocodile. Despite the region's ecological wealth, many of these species are under threat from poaching and habitat loss.
Known as the ‘lungs of Africa,’ the Congo Basin is vital for both its biodiversity and its role in global climate regulation. As the world’s largest carbon sink, it absorbs more CO₂ than the Amazon, while its tropical peatlands help stabilise the climate.
Spanning six countries – Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon, it supports millions of Indigenous people and local communities while serving as a sanctuary for endangered species like forest elephants and gorillas.
However, the region faces escalating threats from illegal logging, mining and climate change. WWF’s report emphasises the need for stronger protection and sustainable land management. The report also highlights the need for Indigenous communities to play a key role in conservation, as their profound knowledge of the land has helped preserve forests for centuries.
It's not also negative, however, with several success stories highlighted. In Gabon and the Republic of Congo for instance, logging concessions certified by the Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) have shown higher numbers of large mammals compared to non-certified forests. This shows that responsible practices can help protect biodiversity while benefiting local communities.
“Protecting the Congo Basin is vital for the future of our planet,” said Jaap van der Waarde, WWF’s head of conservation for the region.
“Together, we can ensure that this incredible ecosystem thrives for generations to come.”
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Image credits to Dérozier Violette, iNaturalist.